CAC_GL 03-1989 Guidelines For Simple Evaluation Of Food Additive Intake
|
ID： |
6809D387B83443C7A2C830F600D6C18F |
|
文件大小(MB)： |
0.04 |
|
页数： |
19 |
|
文件格式： |
|
|
日期： |
2004-12-12 |
|
购买： |
文本摘录（文本识别可能有误，但文件阅览显示及打印正常，pdf文件可进行文字搜索定位）：
CAC/GL 3 1 Page 1 of 19,GUIDELINES FOR SIMPLE EVALUATION OF FOOD ADDITIVE INTAKE,CAC/GL 03-1989,________,CONTENTS,1. INTRODUCTION,2. BACKGROUND,2.1 Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI),2.2 Theoretical Maximum Daily Intake (TMDI),2.3 Estimated Daily Intake (EDI),3. ACCEPTABLE DAILY INTAKE AND INTAKE ESTIMATES,4. DATA AVAILABLE,4.1 Food consumption and regulation of use of food additives,4.2 Approaches for determining food consumption data,5. SIMPLE APPROACH FOR THE EVALUATION OF FOOD ADDITIVE INTAKE,5.1 Additives for which an evaluation of intake would have to be done,5.2 Proposed method for a simple evaluation of the intake of an additive,6. SUMMARY,ANNEX I - Example of calculation for benzoic acid,ANNEX II - Example of calculation for sweeteners,CAC/GL 3 2 Page 2 of 19,1. INTRODUCTION,The first step in the permitted use of food additives is the examination of toxicological studies by the,Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), the establishment of an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI),and the elaboration of identity and purity criteria.,In the second step, proposals for the permitted use of an additive in different foodstuffs are made by the,responsible governmental agencies or by the Codex commodity committees to the Codex Committee on Food,Additives and Contaminants (CCFAC). The endorsement of the proposed use in a foodstuff is done in,accordance with the General Principles for the Use of Food Additives (Codex Alimentarius Commission,Procedural manual, 6th Ed. p. 144, 1986) which states that "Approval or temporary approval for the inclusion,of a food additive in an advisory list or in a food standard should:(iii) as far as possible take into account any,Acceptable Daily Intake, or equivalent assessment, established for the food additive, and the probable daily,intake of it from all sources. Where the food additive is to be used in foods eaten by special groups of,consumers, account should be taken of the probable daily intake of the food additive by consumes in those,groups.",Information regarding the probable daily intake is therefore needed, especially in the case of food,additives with low ADI, high levels of an additive in a food of high consumption and/or the use of additives in,food eaten by special population groups.,Different approaches exist as regards the estimation of the probable daily intake, some of these being,very expensive and time consuming. Some countries have therefore difficulties in initiating studies on intake of,food additives.,For this reason, CCFAC requested the Working Group on Intake of Food Additives and Contaminants,to prepare guidelines for simple evaluation of food additive intake (ALINORM 87/12, para 46).,2. BACKGROUND,2.1 Acceptable Daily Intake,The Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) is an estimate by JECFA of the amount of a food additive,expressed on a body weight basis, that can be ingested daily over a lifetime without appreciable health risk,(standard man - 60 Kg) (WHO Environmental Health Criteria document N° 70, Principles for the Safety,Assessment of food Additives and Contaminants in Food, Geneva, 1987). The ADI is expressed in milligrams of,the additive per kilogram of body weight.,For this purpose, "without appreciable risk" is taken to mean the practical certainty that injury will not,result even after a life-time's exposure (Report of the 1975 JMPR, TRS 592, WHO, 1976).,The ADI is established over lifetime. A body weight of 60 kg is usually taken to represent the average,weight of the population (Report of the 1988 JECFA , TRS 776 sec. 2.2.3. WHO, 1989). However, in some,countries, and especially in the developing ones, a 50 kg body weight would better represent the average body,weight of the population.,2.2 Theoretical Maximum Daily Intake,CAC/GL 3 3 Page 3 of 19,The Theoretical Maximum Daily Intake (TMDI) is calculated by multiplying the average per capita,daily food consumption for each foodstuff or food group by the legal maximum use level of the additive,established by Codex standards or by national regulations and by summing up the figures.,The TMDI gives only a rough indication of the dietary intake of a food additive since it does not take,into consideration the food habits of special populations groups, and it assumes that:,(a) all foods in which an additive is permitted contain that additive;,(b) the additive is always present at the maximum permitted level;,(c) the foods in question containing the additive are consumed by people each day of their lives at the,average per capita level;,(d) the additive does not undergo a decrease in level as a result of cooking or processing techniques;,(e) all foods permitted to contain ……
……